| Name | 桑黄多糖 |
| Synonyms | Phellinus sp. Phellinus igniarius Phellinus igniarius (L.) Polysaccharides from Phellinus Phellinus linteus polysaccharides |
| Overview | Phellinus igniarius polysaccharide is an effective component extracted from Phellinus igniarius, natural killer cells and B cells and other activities to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, therefore, Phellinus igniarius polysaccharide on metastatic tumor cells is better than doxorubicin and other chemotherapy drugs. In addition, it can also inhibit tumor growth, reduce blood sugar, total cholesterol and triglyceride, improve bone marrow damage; Immunomodulatory proteoglycans extracted from Phellinus igniarius can also prevent and treat autoimmune joint inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis. |
| extraction from Phellinus igniarius | Phellinus igniarius as a Chinese herbal medicine was first recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica in China, commonly known as Mulberry ear, sangchen, Hu sun-eye. Its taste slightly bitter, can benefit the five viscera, soft, detoxification; Hemostasis, blood circulation; Can be applied to qi stagnation stomach pain, spleen diarrhea and other diseases. According to Chinese medicinal fungi, Phellinus igniarius is a fungus that grows in the trunk of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) and is now widely referred to as some species of the same genus. Phellinus igniarius is distributed in the northeast, southwest and northwest of China, with a wide range. It is mainly distributed in South Korea, Southeast Asia, Australia, America and other places abroad. Varieties include Mulberry, birch, poplar, and pine. Many studies have shown that Phellinus igniarius polysaccharide extract (Phellinus igniarius polysaccharide) plays a positive role in regulating immune cell function. Like other medicinal fungi, the main active ingredient of the aqueous extract is polysaccharide. [Specification properties] The cap is Woody, flat semi-spherical or horseshoe-shaped, 2 ~ 12cm × 3 ~ 21cm in size, 1.5 ~ 10cm in thickness, and the shallow liver is brown to dark gray or black, often cracked, no skin shell, with fine villi in the early stage, later became hairless, with concentric ring edges; Blunt margin, light brown in color, without fruiting body in the lower side; Deep brown in flesh, Woody; Multilayer of bacterial tubes, with ill-defined layers, the old tube layer is filled with white hyphae; The tube mouth is Brown; The spore is nearly spherical, smooth, 5 ~ 6cm × 4~5 μm; The mycelium is unbranched, without transverse septum, the diameter is 3 to 5 μm. [Ingredients] deciduous muscarinic acid (mycelium does not contain deciduous muscarinic acid), fatty acids (mainly C22, C24 saturated fatty acids), C23, C25 saturated hydrocarbons, amino acids (mainly glycine, aspartic acid) oxalic acid, triterpene acid, aromatic acid, ergosterol, and xylose oxidase, catalase, urease, esterase, sucrase, maltase, lactase, cellulase and other enzymes. Fig.1 Phellinus igniarius |
| source and distribution | Basidiomycetes, non-convoluted fungi, Hymenochaetaceae, phelluessel, mainly including firewood needle layer porium, phellulinteus and phelluxbaum II. P. Ignarius is good at the trunk of the broad-leaved trees, such as poplar, willow, oxalate, Mulberry, Etc., and is more common in the primitive forests in the northeast. P.1inteus is located on the stem of broad-leaved putrefaciens, located in northeast China. P.baumii is mainly parasitic on plants of the genus Syringa, especially on the horse, and occasionally on plants such as the white and white tree. Produced in China, South Korea, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Australia, North America, Central and South America and other places. |
| medicinal and health effects | Phellinus igniarius has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Phellinus igniarius polysaccharide is the main functional component of Phellinus igniarius. Phellinus igniarius polysaccharide has anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, improve immunity and hypoglycemic activity, especially in anti-tumor, has been confirmed than Ganoderma lucidum, Brazil mushroom and other medicinal fungi is also effective, and combined with traditional anti-tumor drugs can play a synergistic effect, so it has been widely concerned. at present, it is mainly used in the treatment of hepatitis and cancer. Because of its remarkable effect, artificial cultivation and mass production have been started. Because of the medicinal and health effects of Phellinus igniarius, people pay more and more attention to it, which also greatly promotes the development of related research and products. |
| effect on immune system | 1. Effect of Phellinus igniarius polysaccharides on B lymphocytes the results showed that Phellinus igniarius polysaccharides could stimulate the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes (MSLs), with the increase of Phellinus igniarius polysaccharides concentration, this indicates that Phellinus igniarius polysaccharides are potent activators of MSLs. Flow cytometry analysis showed that CD19 cells rather than CD3 cells were mainly affected, indicating that the target cells of Phellinus linteus polysaccharides were B cells rather than T cells. Phellinus igniarius polysaccharides can also increase the expression of costimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86, in murine B cells, thereby enhancing the immune response, and also increase with the concentration of Phellinus igniarius polysaccharides. 2. Effects on macrophages (1) The phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index of macrophages treated with Phellinus igniarius polysaccharides were increased by the experiment of phagocytosis of chicken erythrocytes by mouse peritoneal macrophages, and has statistical significance, the best measurement of Phellinus igniarius is 200 mg/(kg · d)② in the experiment of liver fibrosis in rats found that after taking Phellinus igniarius, serum IFN-gamma levels increased more than 1 times. In order to further clarify the effect of Phellinus igniarius on IFN-γ, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNCs), the main source of IFN-γ cells, were cultured in vitro, and in the concentration range of (0~200) g/mL was dose dependent characteristics. Then the PMNCS was further studied, and the double-antibody sandwich enzyme labeling method (EL ISA) was used to detect IFN-γ. It was found that Phellinus igniarius had a direct inducing effect on the secretion of IFN-γ from PMNCs. IFN-γ has obvious anti-tumor activity, which can inhibit the expression of prooncogene, prevent tumor cells from G0 phase to G1 phase, and inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. It can also induce the production of T cell helper antibodies and enhance the killing effect of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells on tumor cells. IFN-γ can also act on macrophages, T cells, B cells and so on to regulate the body's immune function. 3. Effect on T lymphocytes in MCA-102 tumor-bearing mice in vivo experimental results show that Phellinus igniarius polysaccharides can significantly increase spleen and inguinal lymph node T cells produced by Th-1(helper T cells) and reduce the production of cytokines by Th-2 (IL-4), and in the body in the state of immunosuppression caused by tumor can increase the production of CD4t and CD8tT cells, enhance the anti-tumor effect. IL-12 strong immune enhancement, it can induce the activation of Th1, plays a key role in the anti-tumor immune mechanism. Phellinus igniarius polysaccharide administration can stimulate the production of spleen and inguinal lymph node IL-12, so PG administration can regulate the proliferation of th1. 4. Effect on cytokines and other inflammatory factors the expression level of IL-8 of lymphocytes treated with Phellinus igniarius polysaccharides was significantly increased, enhanced induction of neutrophil migration and neutrophil adsorption to endothelial tissue, and suggest that Phellinus igniarius polysaccharide plays a role in enhancing IL-8 function. Phellinus igniarius polysaccharides enhance the expression of endothelial growth factor, dendritic cell Dc, macrophage colony stimulating factor, metalloproteinase-9, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, granulocyte chemotactic protein 2, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-1β induces macrophages and endothelial cells to secrete chemokines, and IL-6 stimulates B cell proliferation. The ability of the immune system to respond can be enhanced by the expression of these factors. |